Index of the Article:
Part 1: Understanding HMRC's Communication Practices in the UK
Part 2: HMRC Scams – How Fraudsters Operate and What You Need to Know
Part 3: How HMRC Makes Genuine Phone Calls – Official Procedures Explained
Part 5: How to Prevent HMRC Scams – Essential Tips for UK Taxpayers and Businesses
Summary of the Most Important Points About HMRC Calls and Scams
The Audio Summary of the Key Points of the Article:
The Video Summary of the Article:
Understanding HMRC's Communication Practices in the UK
When it comes to dealing with taxes in the UK, one question that pops up frequently is: “Does HMRC call you?” The answer is yes, HMRC does make phone calls, but the situation is a bit more nuanced than a simple yes or no. This section unpacks the ways HMRC contacts individuals and businesses, the context in which they might call you, and—importantly—how to tell if that call is genuinely from them.
The Basics: Does HMRC Actually Call You?
HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) is the UK’s tax authority responsible for collecting taxes, paying certain forms of welfare, and enforcing compliance with tax laws. Given the nature of their work, they do contact taxpayers through various channels:
Letters (the most common method)
Emails (for specific online services)
Text messages (SMS) (mostly for notifications)
Phone calls (under certain conditions)
In-person visits (rare, but possible)
While most people expect official correspondence to arrive by post, HMRC also makes legitimate phone calls for reasons like:
Following up on tax returns
Discussing payment arrangements
Clarifying details related to investigations
Chasing overdue taxes or penalties
Verifying information to prevent fraud
However, with the rise in HMRC-related phone scams, it's crucial to know when such a call is genuine and when it's not.
Key Statistics on HMRC Calls and Scams (Updated for 2024–2025)
Scammers often impersonate HMRC, preying on taxpayers' fear of owing money to the government. To understand the scale of the problem, let’s look at some recent statistics:
Statistic | Data (2024–2025) |
Total HMRC-related scam reports (2024) | Over 1.2 million reported to HMRC’s phishing team |
Scam calls reported monthly (avg.) | Around 80,000–100,000 per month |
Successful scam attempts (estimated) | 10,000+ cases involving financial loss |
Age group most targeted | Over-60s, followed by 30–45 age group |
HMRC's official helpline calls (2024) | Over 45 million calls handled by HMRC call centers |
Calls HMRC made to taxpayers (2024) | Estimated 3–5 million genuine outbound calls |
Source: GOV.UK - HMRC Scam Statistics
These figures show that while HMRC does make legitimate calls, scam attempts are far more common. That’s why many people are wary when they receive a call claiming to be from HMRC.
When Does HMRC Typically Call You?
HMRC is more likely to call in specific circumstances, such as:
Outstanding Payments or Tax Debts:
If you owe money to HMRC and haven’t responded to letters or emails, they might call to discuss payment options.
Calls related to debt are usually preceded by written notices.
Compliance Checks and Investigations:
HMRC might contact you if they’re reviewing your tax affairs, particularly for Self-Assessment returns or VAT submissions.
In cases of suspected fraud, they might also involve the Fraud Investigation Service (FIS), which occasionally initiates calls.
Payment Verification and Refunds:
Before issuing large tax refunds, HMRC may verify details over the phone.
Customs and Import/Export Inquiries:
Businesses dealing with international trade may receive calls from HMRC’s Customs department for document checks or compliance issues.
COVID-19 and Emergency Schemes (Recent Examples):
During the COVID-19 pandemic, HMRC contacted individuals about furlough scheme claims and SEISS grants—an approach they’ve continued for similar schemes post-2020.
How Do You Know If an HMRC Call is Genuine?
Here are key signs that a call might be from HMRC:
They introduce themselves clearly, stating their name, department, and reason for the call.
They never ask for PINs, passwords, or full bank details over the phone.
They might confirm your identity by asking basic security questions (e.g., part of your National Insurance number or date of birth).
If it’s about debt collection, they’ll refer to a letter they’ve already sent you.
HMRC will never threaten you with immediate arrest or demand payment via gift cards or cryptocurrency.
Pro Tip: You can always hang up and call HMRC directly using official numbers listed on GOV.UK to verify if the call was real.
Common HMRC Phone Numbers (as of January 2025)
To help you cross-check any calls you receive, here are some of the most frequently used HMRC contact numbers:
Department | Phone Number | Operating Hours |
Income Tax Helpline | 0300 200 3300 | Mon–Fri: 8am–6pm |
Self-Assessment Helpline | 0300 200 3310 | Mon–Fri: 8am–6pm |
National Insurance Helpline | 0300 200 3500 | Mon–Fri: 8am–6pm |
Tax Credits Helpline | 0345 300 3900 | Mon–Fri: 8am–6pm |
Fraud Hotline | 0800 788 887 | 24/7 (automated service available) |
If the number doesn’t match any listed on the official HMRC contact page, it’s probably a scam.
What Should You Do If You Receive a Suspicious Call?
Don’t Panic: Scammers thrive on urgency and fear.
Don’t Give Personal Info: Never share sensitive details unless you’re certain the caller is legitimate.
Hang Up and Verify: End the call and contact HMRC using a verified number.
Report the Call: Forward suspicious information to phishing@hmrc.gov.uk or report it via HMRC’s fraud reporting page.
Real-Life Example: The Classic HMRC Scam Call
Consider this real example reported in late 2024:
“I received a call from someone claiming to be from HMRC, stating I owed over £2,000 in unpaid tax. They said if I didn’t pay immediately, I’d be arrested within hours. The caller was aggressive, even giving me a badge number. Thankfully, I hung up, Googled the situation, and realized it was a scam. HMRC confirmed they’d never make such threats.” — Sophie M., London
This type of threatening, high-pressure call is a classic scam. HMRC will never:
Threaten arrest over the phone
Demand immediate payment
Ask for payment via unusual methods like gift cards or cryptocurrency
HMRC Scams – How Fraudsters Operate and What You Need to Know
While HMRC does make legitimate calls, the sad reality is that scammers have weaponized HMRC’s authority to exploit unsuspecting taxpayers. HMRC impersonation scams are among the most common frauds in the UK today. This section unpacks the mechanics of these scams, the psychological tricks fraudsters use, and the latest scam trends as of January 2025. Remember, HMRC do call you sometimes, they NEVER threaten you.
The Rise of HMRC Scam Calls: Why Are They So Effective?
The reason HMRC scams are so effective boils down to one simple factor: fear of the taxman. Taxes are serious business, and no one wants to get into trouble with the government. Scammers know this and exploit it ruthlessly.
Emotional Triggers: The fear of owing money, facing legal action, or even being arrested triggers panic.
Authority Bias: When someone claims to be from HMRC, people tend to believe them without question because HMRC represents legal authority.
Urgency: Scammers create a false sense of urgency, claiming immediate action is required, leaving little time for victims to think critically.
This combination of fear, authority, and urgency is the perfect storm for fraud.
Common HMRC Scam Types
Scammers are getting more sophisticated every year. Here are the most common HMRC scam tactics reported in the UK as of 2025:
1. The “You Owe Tax” Scam (Threat of Arrest)
How it works: You receive a call from someone claiming you owe unpaid taxes. They threaten legal action, arrest, or even deportation if you don’t pay immediately.
Tactics used: Aggressive language, threats, and demands for immediate payment via unusual methods like gift cards or cryptocurrency.
Red flag: HMRC will never threaten arrest over the phone.
2. Tax Refund Scams (Too Good to Be True)
How it works: A call, text, or email claims you’re owed a tax refund. The fraudster asks for your bank details to “process” the refund.
Tactics used: Polite, professional-sounding callers who create excitement about unexpected money.
Red flag: HMRC does not issue tax refunds over the phone or via text.
3. National Insurance Number (NIN) Compromise Scam
How it works: A caller claims your National Insurance number has been “compromised” and used for illegal activities. They may threaten to “suspend” your NIN.
Tactics used: Fear of identity theft and legal consequences.
Red flag: HMRC does not suspend National Insurance numbers.
4. Automated Voicemail Scams
How it works: You receive an automated message claiming HMRC has filed a lawsuit against you. The message instructs you to “press 1” to speak with an agent.
Tactics used: Robotic voices to create urgency and prevent you from asking questions.
Red flag: HMRC doesn’t use threatening robocalls.
5. Business Impersonation Scams
How it works: Fraudsters target businesses, pretending to be HMRC’s VAT department, claiming VAT returns are overdue.
Tactics used: Business-like language, referencing fake case numbers.
Red flag: Genuine HMRC calls will match your business records and won’t demand instant payments without prior written notice.
Recent Scam Trends
Scam tactics evolve rapidly. Here are the latest HMRC scam trends reported as of January 2025:
AI Voice Scams: Fraudsters are now using AI-generated voices to mimic HMRC officials, making calls sound disturbingly authentic.
WhatsApp Scams: A new trend involves fraudsters posing as HMRC on WhatsApp, claiming urgent tax issues. HMRC does not use WhatsApp to contact taxpayers.
COVID-19 Aftermath Scams: Scammers continue to exploit government schemes related to pandemic relief, targeting businesses with fake “grant repayment” demands.
Romance Scam Crossovers: Some scammers combine HMRC scams with romance fraud, manipulating victims emotionally and financially.
Real-Life Case Studies: Lessons from Victims
Let’s look at a few real cases reported in 2024 to understand how scammers operate.
Case 1: The Business Owner Who Lost £15,000
“I got a call from someone claiming to be from HMRC’s VAT team. They knew my business name, VAT number, and even my last filing date. They said there was an urgent issue with my account and I needed to settle an outstanding balance to avoid penalties. They sounded professional, so I transferred £15,000. Later, I realized it was a scam. HMRC confirmed they never made such a call.” — James T., Manchester
What went wrong?
The scammer had detailed business information, likely sourced from public records or data breaches.
The victim didn’t verify the call independently before transferring funds.
Case 2: The Pensioner Threatened with Arrest
“I received a robotic voicemail saying HMRC had filed a lawsuit against me for unpaid taxes. I panicked and pressed ‘1’ to speak to an agent. The person on the line was aggressive, saying I’d be arrested within hours if I didn’t pay £2,000. They told me to buy gift cards and read out the codes. I lost £800 before realizing it was a scam.” — Margaret W., Bristol
What went wrong?
Fear and urgency clouded the victim’s judgment.
The demand for gift cards—a clear red flag—was ignored in the heat of the moment.
Psychological Tactics Scammers Use
Understanding the psychology behind these scams can help you stay alert. Here are the key tactics fraudsters rely on:
Fear and Panic: Threats of arrest, legal action, or financial ruin are designed to trigger fear.
Urgency: “You must act immediately!” is a common tactic to prevent you from thinking critically.
Authority Bias: Posing as HMRC officials taps into people’s natural respect for authority figures.
Scarcity: Claims like “limited time to respond” or “this offer will expire” create pressure.
Personalization: Scammers often use personal details (like your name or address) to sound convincing.
How to Protect Yourself from HMRC Scams
Here’s what you can do to stay safe:
✅ Verify the Call:
Hang up and call HMRC directly using official numbers from GOV.UK.
Never rely on caller ID—it can be spoofed to display legitimate numbers.
❌ Never:
Provide sensitive information (like full bank details or National Insurance numbers).
Make payments via unusual methods (gift cards, cryptocurrency, etc.).
Respond to suspicious emails or text links claiming to be HMRC.
📧 Report Suspicious Activity:
Phishing emails: Forward to phishing@hmrc.gov.uk
Suspicious texts: Forward to 60599
Phone scams: Report directly via HMRC’s fraud reporting service.
HMRC’s Anti-Scam Initiatives
HMRC has ramped up efforts to combat scams, including:
Blocking 2 million scam calls in 2024 through advanced call-filtering technology.
Launching the “Don’t Get Caught” awareness campaign, educating the public about scam tactics.
Collaborating with telecom providers to identify and shut down fraudulent numbers.
How HMRC Makes Genuine Phone Calls – Official Procedures Explained
By now, it’s clear that HMRC does make phone calls, but with the rise of scams, distinguishing a genuine call from a fraudulent one can be tricky. To help UK taxpayers and businesses stay informed, this section delves into HMRC’s official call procedures, the verification steps they follow, and the information they may (and may not) request during a legitimate call.
Understanding these protocols will make it much easier to spot red flags and prevent falling victim to scams.
Why Would HMRC Call You?
HMRC typically contacts individuals and businesses by phone in specific scenarios, especially when urgent clarification is needed. Here are the most common reasons why HMRC might call you:
Outstanding Tax Debts: If you owe taxes, HMRC may call to discuss payment arrangements after sending written notices.
Self-Assessment Queries: HMRC might follow up on Self-Assessment tax returns to verify information or clarify discrepancies.
Compliance Checks and Investigations: They may contact you if you’re subject to a compliance check, particularly concerning VAT, PAYE, or corporation tax.
Fraud Prevention: HMRC may call to confirm details if there’s suspicious activity linked to your account, helping to prevent fraud.
Customs and Excise Enquiries: Businesses involved in imports and exports might receive calls related to customs declarations.
Tax Credits or Universal Credit Issues: For those receiving tax credits, HMRC may call to verify income details or resolve benefit-related issues.
How HMRC Initiates Genuine Calls: The Step-by-Step Process
Understanding HMRC’s step-by-step process when they make legitimate phone calls can help you verify the authenticity of any contact.
Step 1: Prior Written Communication (Most Cases)
What to expect:
In most cases, HMRC will send you a letter or email first before making a phone call, especially regarding sensitive matters like tax debts or compliance checks.
Exception:
Urgent situations, like fraud prevention, may trigger a phone call without prior written contact.
Step 2: Introduction and Identity Verification
HMRC’s approach: When you answer the call, the HMRC representative will:
State their full name
Mention the department they’re calling from
Provide a reference number (if applicable)
Verification process: Before discussing your tax affairs, the agent may ask you to verify your identity. This could involve confirming:
Your full name
Date of birth
National Insurance number (partial, not full)
Recent tax return details or account reference numbers
Important: HMRC will never ask for full banking details, passwords, or PINs to verify your identity.
Step 3: Explaining the Reason for the Call
The agent will clearly explain why they’re contacting you, whether it’s about unpaid tax, a compliance check, or another matter.
HMRC officials are professional and courteous—they won’t resort to aggressive or threatening language.
Step 4: Providing Contact Details for Follow-Up
A legitimate HMRC call will include:
A direct contact number for the department (matching official numbers on GOV.UK).
Reference details to help you verify the call later if needed.
What HMRC Will NEVER Do Over the Phone
Knowing what HMRC will never do over the phone is just as important as knowing what they will do. Here’s a quick guide:
HMRC Will… | HMRC Will NEVER… |
Confirm your identity with basic details | Demand payment via gift cards or crypto |
Provide their full name and department | Threaten arrest, police action, or deportation |
Refer to letters/emails they’ve sent | Ask for your full bank details over the phone |
Allow you to verify the call later | Pressure you to act immediately without thinking |
Use official GOV.UK phone numbers | Ask for PINs, passwords, or online account access |
If any caller claiming to be from HMRC does these things, it’s a scam—hang up immediately.
Real-Life Example of a Genuine HMRC Call
To illustrate the difference between a genuine call and a scam, here’s an example based on real procedures:
“I received a call from HMRC regarding my Self-Assessment tax return. The caller introduced herself as Jane from HMRC’s compliance team. She asked if I was comfortable discussing the matter over the phone, then verified my identity by confirming part of my National Insurance number and my last tax filing date. She explained there was an issue with my declared income for the previous year. After the call, I checked the number online—it matched HMRC’s official contact details. I even called back using the number on GOV.UK to confirm. It was 100% legitimate.” — David B., Birmingham
Notice how the call followed a structured, professional approach, without any threats or pressure tactics.
What Should You Do If You’re Unsure About a Call?
If you’re unsure whether a call from HMRC is genuine, follow these steps:
Stay Calm: Don’t let fear or urgency cloud your judgment.
Don’t Provide Sensitive Info Immediately: If something feels off, don’t share personal details—especially bank information.
Ask for Verification: Request the caller’s name, department, and reference number.
Hang Up and Call HMRC Directly: Use the official numbers listed on GOV.UK, not the number provided by the caller.
Report Suspicious Calls :If you confirm it was a scam, report it to HMRC’s phishing team at phishing@hmrc.gov.uk.
Pro Tip: A scammer will often become aggressive if you start asking questions.
How to Verify an HMRC Call in Real-Time
HMRC has made it easier to check whether a call is genuine through the following resources:
✅ HMRC’s “Check a Call” Service:
Visit this page on GOV.UK to see if the number that called you is listed as a known HMRC contact number.
✅ Cross-Referencing Official Contact Numbers:
Compare the incoming number with those on HMRC’s official contact page. Common HMRC numbers include:
Department | Phone Number |
Income Tax Helpline | 0300 200 3300 |
Self-Assessment Helpline | 0300 200 3310 |
National Insurance Helpline | 0300 200 3500 |
Tax Credits Helpline | 0345 300 3900 |
Fraud Hotline | 0800 788 887 |
Some Important Questions
Here are some common verification questions HMRC might ask during a legitimate call:
“Can you confirm part of your National Insurance number?”(They won’t ask for the full number outright.)
“What was the amount of your last Self-Assessment payment?”(This helps verify your identity.)
“Can you confirm your address and date of birth?”(Basic personal information for identity verification.)
If a caller asks for passwords, full bank details, or payment via gift cards, it’s definitely a scam.
Recent Updates in HMRC’s Call Procedures
As scams have evolved, HMRC has adapted its procedures:
Call-Back Requests: If you’re unsure, HMRC agents can now arrange a call-back through official channels for added security.
Improved Call Identification: HMRC has started using caller ID verification services with UK telecom providers, making it easier to spot genuine calls.
Enhanced Training for Staff: HMRC representatives receive continuous training to handle security-sensitive calls professionally.
What to Do If You’ve Fallen Victim to an HMRC Scam
Despite all the warnings, scams can still catch people off guard. Scammers are experts at exploiting human emotions like fear, urgency, and trust in authority. If you’ve been scammed—or even if you suspect that you’ve been targeted—don’t panic. The faster you act, the better your chances of limiting the damage and recovering any losses.
In this section, we’ll cover exactly what steps to take if you’ve fallen victim to an HMRC-related scam, whether it involved sharing personal information, making payments, or clicking on suspicious links.
🚨 Step 1: Recognize the Red Flags of a Scam
Before diving into recovery steps, it’s crucial to confirm whether you’ve actually been scammed. Here are common signs that you’ve fallen victim to an HMRC scam:
You’ve transferred money after a threatening call demanding urgent tax payments.
You’ve shared personal or financial information, such as your National Insurance number, bank details, or passwords.
You clicked on a suspicious link in an email or text claiming to be from HMRC, potentially exposing your device to malware.
You provided remote access to your computer to someone claiming to be an HMRC “technical support agent.”
You’re receiving follow-up scam calls, often more aggressive, after an initial fraudulent contact.
If any of these scenarios apply to you, immediate action is critical.
✅ Step 2: Take Immediate Action (If You’ve Shared Personal or Financial Info)
The first thing to do is contain the damage. Here’s what you should do based on the type of information compromised:
1. If You’ve Sent Money to a Scammer:
Contact your bank immediately.
Call your bank’s fraud department. Explain that you’ve been a victim of a scam and ask them to freeze or reverse the transaction if possible.
For card payments:
Request a chargeback if you paid with a debit card or credit card.
For wire transfers:
Ask the bank to initiate a recall of the transfer. Time is of the essence here.
2. If You’ve Shared Your Bank Details (but haven’t sent money yet):
Inform your bank right away.
They may place a fraud alert on your account or issue you a new card.
Monitor transactions closely for unauthorized activity.
3. If You’ve Disclosed Personal Information (like your National Insurance Number):
Contact HMRC’s fraud helpline:
Call 0800 788 887 to report the issue.
Consider identity theft protection:
HMRC may advise you to monitor your credit report for unusual activity.
4. If You’ve Clicked on a Suspicious Link:
Run a full antivirus scan on your device.
Change your passwords immediately—especially for your email, bank accounts, and any government-related services.
Enable two-factor authentication on critical accounts if you haven’t already.
📢 Step 3: Report the Scam
Reporting the scam isn’t just about protecting yourself—it helps authorities track down fraudsters and prevents others from becoming victims. Here’s where and how to report HMRC-related scams:
🏛️ To HMRC (Direct Reporting):
Suspicious Emails:
Forward the email to phishing@hmrc.gov.uk.
Suspicious Text Messages:
Forward the message to 60599 (standard text rates apply).
Phone Scams:
Report suspicious calls via HMRC’s official reporting service.
🚨 To Action Fraud (UK’s National Reporting Centre for Fraud):
Visit: www.actionfraud.police.uk
Call: 0300 123 2040 (available 24/7)
When reporting the scam:
Provide details of the call, email, or message, including the phone number used, the caller’s name (if given), and the exact wording of the scam.
Include any financial transactions you made as part of the scam.
📞 For Business Owners:
If your business was targeted, consider contacting:
Companies House (if business identity theft is suspected)
Cyber Aware UK for cybersecurity advice: www.ncsc.gov.uk/cyberaware
🔒 Step 4: Protect Yourself Against Further Scams
Scammers often target the same victim multiple times. Once they know someone has been scammed, they might try again with a different story. Here’s how to secure yourself:
Change All Passwords: Start with your email accounts—email is often the gateway to other services.
Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): This adds an extra layer of security to your online accounts.
Check Your Credit Report: Sign up with credit reference agencies like Experian, Equifax, or TransUnion to monitor for unusual activity.
Consider a Protective Registration: CIFAS Protective Registration alerts companies to take extra precautions when verifying your identity. Learn more at www.cifas.org.uk.
Be Cautious of Follow-Up Scams: Scammers sometimes pose as “fraud recovery agents” claiming they can get your money back—for a fee. This is another scam.
📝 Real-Life Case Study: Recovering from an HMRC Scam
“I received a call from someone claiming to be from HMRC, saying I owed £3,000 in unpaid taxes. They were very aggressive, threatening me with arrest if I didn’t pay immediately. In a panic, I transferred £1,200 through bank transfer. After realizing it was a scam, I contacted my bank immediately. Fortunately, because I acted quickly, they managed to freeze the transaction before the funds were withdrawn. I also reported the scam to Action Fraud and HMRC’s fraud team.” — Laura M., Leeds
Key takeaway: Laura’s quick action—contacting her bank right away—was critical in recovering her money. Time is everything when dealing with fraud.
⚖️ Step 5: Understanding Your Legal Rights and Support
Victims of fraud in the UK are protected under various legal frameworks, which can help you seek redress:
The Fraud Act 2006
Defines fraud offenses in the UK.
If you report the scam to Action Fraud, your case may be investigated under this law.
The Consumer Credit Act 1974 (For Card Payments)
Provides protection if you’ve used a credit card to make a fraudulent payment.
You can request a chargeback from your bank.
Your Bank’s Obligations (Under FCA Regulations)
Banks are required to follow rules set by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
If you’ve been scammed and your bank refuses to help, you can escalate the case to the Financial Ombudsman Service.
🧠 Emotional Impact: Coping with the Aftermath of a Scam
Falling for a scam can be emotionally devastating. Victims often feel embarrassed or ashamed, but it’s important to remember that anyone can be scammed—even the most cautious individuals.
If you’re struggling:
Talk to someone you trust about what happened.
Consider contacting support organizations like Victim Support UK at 0808 168 9111.
Join online forums or support groups where people share their experiences and recovery tips.
🚩 Common Mistakes Victims Make (And How to Avoid Them)
When dealing with the aftermath of a scam, people often make these mistakes:
Not Acting Quickly Enough: The faster you report fraud to your bank and authorities, the better your chances of recovering lost funds.
Falling for Follow-Up Scams: Beware of “recovery scams” where fraudsters claim they can get your money back—for a fee.
Not Changing Passwords: If scammers have access to your email, they can reset passwords for other accounts.
Failing to Report the Scam: Reporting helps law enforcement track scam networks and prevent future fraud.
🛡️ How HMRC Helps Victims of Scams
While HMRC can’t refund money lost to scammers, they do offer support:
Dedicated Fraud Hotline: 0800 788 887—for reporting tax-related scams.
Guidance on Next Steps: HMRC provides advice on protecting your tax accounts and identity.
Security Flags on Your Tax Account: In some cases, HMRC can place alerts on your file to prevent unauthorized activity.
How to Prevent HMRC Scams – Essential Tips for UK Taxpayers and Businesses
By this point, you’ve learned about HMRC’s official call procedures, common scams, and what to do if you’ve been targeted. Now it’s time to focus on the most important part: prevention.
While scams are becoming more sophisticated, there are effective ways to protect yourself and your business from falling victim. This section provides practical tips, highlights common scam red flags, and outlines HMRC’s latest anti-fraud measures as of 2025.
🔑 Why Prevention Is the Best Defense
Fraudsters are constantly evolving their tactics. No matter how vigilant HMRC or law enforcement agencies are, scammers will find new ways to trick people. That’s why your awareness is the most powerful tool in fighting scams.
Proactive knowledge reduces your risk of falling for scams.
Recognizing red flags helps you respond appropriately when faced with suspicious communication.
Practicing good security habits ensures your personal and financial information stays protected.
🚩 The Ultimate HMRC Scam Red Flag Checklist
Before diving into prevention strategies, here’s a quick checklist of red flags to help you instantly spot a potential HMRC scam:
Urgent Demands: Calls or messages pressuring you to act immediately or face consequences like arrest, legal action, or fines.
Threatening Language: Aggressive behavior, threats of arrest, deportation, or suspension of your National Insurance number.
Unusual Payment Methods: Requests to pay taxes via gift cards, cryptocurrency, or bank transfers to overseas accounts.
Suspicious Contact Methods: HMRC will never contact you via WhatsApp, social media, or personal messaging apps.
Unfamiliar Numbers or Email Addresses: Calls from non-UK numbers or emails from addresses that don’t end in “.gov.uk”.
Asking for Sensitive Information: Requests for full bank details, passwords, or PIN numbers.
Robocalls (Automated Messages): HMRC does not leave automated voicemails threatening legal action.
If any of these red flags appear, it’s likely a scam.
🛡️ 10 Proven Ways to Protect Yourself from HMRC Scams
1. Always Verify Before Responding
Hang up and call back using HMRC’s official numbers from GOV.UK.
Never rely on caller ID. Scammers can spoof legitimate numbers to appear real.
2. Secure Your Online Accounts
Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your HMRC online account and email accounts.
Use strong, unique passwords for every account, combining letters, numbers, and symbols.
3. Be Cautious with Emails and Texts
Don’t click on links in emails or texts claiming to be from HMRC unless you’re 100% certain they’re genuine.
Hover over links to see the actual URL before clicking.
Example:
✅ Genuine: https://www.gov.uk/self-assessment
🚩 Suspicious: http://gov-uk.taxrefund123.com
4. Keep Personal Information Private
Be cautious about sharing personal details on social media. Fraudsters can piece together information from public profiles.
5. Stay Informed About New Scams
Regularly check HMRC’s Genuine HMRC Contacts page for updates on known scams.
6. Report Suspicious Activity
Emails: Forward to phishing@hmrc.gov.uk
Texts: Forward to 60599
Phone Calls: Report to Action Fraud at www.actionfraud.police.uk
7. Use Antivirus and Anti-Malware Software
Install reputable security software on all devices, including smartphones.
8. Double-Check Payment Requests
HMRC will never ask for payment details via email or text. Always verify payment requests through your HMRC online account.
9. Be Wary of “Too Good to Be True” Offers
Scams aren’t always about threats. Be skeptical of unexpected tax refunds or offers that seem unusually generous.
10. Educate Family and Colleagues
Scammers target vulnerable individuals, including the elderly. Make sure your family and colleagues know how to spot scams.
🏢 Special Tips for Businesses
Businesses are frequent targets of HMRC impersonation scams, especially regarding VAT, PAYE, and corporation tax.
Business Red Flags:
Fake calls claiming overdue VAT payments with threats of legal action.
Phishing emails impersonating HMRC’s VAT or customs departments.
How to Protect Your Business:
Train Employees: Educate staff on recognizing HMRC-related scams, especially those handling finances.
Verify All Payment Requests: For any urgent payment requests, implement a two-person approval process.
Secure Business Data: Use strong cybersecurity practices, including firewalls and employee access controls.
Keep Business Records Organized: If someone calls about “unpaid tax,” you can easily verify the claim against your records.
Use HMRC’s Agent Services: If you work with an accountant or tax agent, HMRC will often contact them first regarding compliance issues.
📊 HMRC’s Anti-Scam Measures
HMRC has ramped up its efforts to combat scams. Here’s what’s new as of January 2025:
Advanced Call Blocking: HMRC has worked with telecom providers to block over 2 million scam calls annually.
Real-Time Scam Alerts: HMRC now issues real-time alerts for known scams through their official GOV.UK website and Twitter account (@HMRCgovuk).
Dedicated Fraud Reporting Service: HMRC’s fraud hotline (0800 788 887) operates 24/7 for immediate scam reporting.
Enhanced Staff Training: HMRC staff receive specialized training to identify fraudulent calls impersonating HMRC, even within their own networks.
Partnerships with Banks: Collaborations with UK banks allow for faster intervention when scam-related transactions are reported.
📝 Real-Life Example: A Successful Scam Avoidance
“I received a call from someone claiming to be from HMRC’s debt collection department. They said I owed over £4,000 in unpaid tax and threatened legal action if I didn’t pay immediately. It sounded convincing, but I remembered that HMRC doesn’t threaten arrest over the phone. I hung up, checked the number on GOV.UK—it wasn’t listed. I called HMRC directly, and they confirmed it was a scam. Because I didn’t panic, I avoided losing thousands.” — Sarah L., London
Key takeaway: Staying calm, verifying information, and knowing HMRC’s official procedures can save you from falling victim.
📈 HMRC Scam Trends to Watch in 2025
While traditional scams remain prevalent, new trends are emerging:
AI-Powered Voice Scams: Fraudsters are using AI to mimic HMRC officials with alarming accuracy.
Fake HMRC Apps: Scam apps impersonating HMRC services have appeared in app stores. HMRC does not have an official mobile app for tax payments—only the HMRC app from official app stores is legitimate.
Crypto Tax Scams: With growing cryptocurrency adoption, scammers pose as HMRC’s “Crypto Tax Compliance Unit,” demanding payments in Bitcoin.
🤔 What Should You Do If You’re Unsure?
Even with all these tips, it’s normal to feel uncertain. Here’s a quick action plan if you’re ever in doubt:
Pause: Don’t respond immediately, even if the message feels urgent.
Verify: Check the contact details against HMRC’s official website.
Call Back: Use an official number to confirm the call’s legitimacy.
Report: If in doubt, report it—better safe than sorry.
🌐 Helpful Resources
HMRC Contact Page: www.gov.uk/contact-hmrc
Check a Call’s Legitimacy: www.gov.uk/guidance/check-if-a-phone-call-youve-received-from-hmrc-is-genuine
Report Scams: www.actionfraud.police.uk
CIFAS Protective Registration: www.cifas.org.uk
Now that you understand HMRC’s communication practices, common scam tactics, and how to respond, you’re well-equipped to protect yourself and your business. Staying informed, vigilant, and proactive is the best defense against fraudsters.
Summary of the Most Important Points About HMRC Calls and Scams
HMRC does make genuine phone calls for reasons like tax queries, compliance checks, and debt collection, often preceded by written communication.
Scammers frequently impersonate HMRC using threats of arrest, urgent payment demands, and fake tax refund offers to trick victims.
Common scam tactics include aggressive language, demands for unusual payments (like gift cards or cryptocurrency), and spoofed HMRC phone numbers.
Legitimate HMRC calls are professional, never ask for full bank details, passwords, or PINs, and don’t threaten legal action over the phone.
If unsure about a call’s authenticity, hang up and verify by calling HMRC directly using official numbers from GOV.UK.
Victims of HMRC scams should immediately contact their bank, report the scam to HMRC’s phishing team, and notify Action Fraud.
Red flags for scams include unsolicited urgent demands, unfamiliar contact methods (like WhatsApp), and requests for sensitive personal information.
To prevent scams, use strong online security measures like two-factor authentication, stay informed about the latest fraud trends, and educate others.
HMRC actively combats scams through call-blocking technology, real-time scam alerts, and partnerships with UK banks to prevent fraud.
If you suspect a scam, remain calm, verify details through official channels, and report suspicious activity to help protect yourself and others.
FAQs
Q1. How can you tell if an HMRC phone number is legitimate?
You can verify an HMRC phone number by checking the official list of contact numbers on GOV.UK or by calling HMRC directly to confirm.
Q2. Does HMRC leave voicemails if you miss their call?
Yes, HMRC may leave a voicemail, but it will be professional, without threats, and will never request sensitive information.
Q3. Can HMRC call you without prior written notice?
While HMRC usually sends a letter or email first, they may call without prior notice in urgent situations, such as fraud prevention or time-sensitive compliance issues.
Q4. What should you do if you miss a genuine HMRC call?
If you miss an HMRC call, check for any voicemails and call back using the official contact numbers listed on GOV.UK.
Q5. Does HMRC use automated messages or robocalls?
HMRC may use automated messages for general reminders, but they will never use them to threaten legal action or demand payment.
Q6. Can HMRC call you on weekends or outside business hours?
HMRC typically operates Monday to Friday, 8 am–6 pm, and rarely calls outside these hours unless dealing with exceptional circumstances.
Q7. Will HMRC ever ask you to confirm your bank details over the phone?
HMRC may confirm partial banking information but will never ask for full bank account details, PINs, or passwords over the phone.
Q8. What official number does HMRC use for debt collection calls?
HMRC’s debt management calls usually come from numbers starting with 0300, but you should verify any number through GOV.UK.
Q9. Can HMRC call you regarding tax credits?
Yes, HMRC may call about tax credits to verify information, especially during annual renewals or compliance checks.
Q10. What is HMRC’s fraud hotline number?
HMRC’s fraud hotline is 0800 788 887, available for reporting suspicious activities or scams.
Q11. Does HMRC contact you via text messages as well as calls?
Yes, HMRC may send text messages for reminders or notifications but will never request personal or financial information via SMS.
Q12. Can HMRC contact you through WhatsApp or social media?
No, HMRC does not contact individuals via WhatsApp, Facebook, or any other social media platform.
Q13. How can you stop scam calls pretending to be from HMRC?
You can block suspicious numbers, report scams to HMRC at phishing@hmrc.gov.uk, and register with the Telephone Preference Service (TPS) to reduce unwanted calls.
Q14. Are HMRC calls recorded for quality or security purposes?
Yes, HMRC often records calls for training, quality assurance, and security purposes, especially when discussing sensitive information.
Q15. What happens if you accidentally give personal information to a scammer pretending to be HMRC?
Immediately contact your bank, report the incident to HMRC’s fraud team, and notify Action Fraud at www.actionfraud.police.uk.
Q16. Can HMRC call you to discuss Self-Assessment tax returns?
Yes, HMRC may call to clarify details about your Self-Assessment tax return, especially if there are discrepancies or missing information.
Q17. Does HMRC outsource calls to third-party debt collection agencies?
Yes, HMRC sometimes works with authorised debt collection agencies, but you can verify their legitimacy through HMRC’s official website.
Q18. How do you report a suspicious HMRC call?
You can report suspicious HMRC calls by emailing phishing@hmrc.gov.uk, forwarding scam texts to 60599, or contacting Action Fraud.
Q19. Can HMRC call you to verify your National Insurance number?
HMRC may confirm parts of your National Insurance number to verify your identity but will never request your full number unsolicited.
Q20. What should you do if someone claims to be from HMRC and demands payment immediately?
Hang up immediately, verify the contact using HMRC’s official numbers, and report the incident as a potential scam to Action Fraud.
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